In a 1964 article, educator and historian Henry Littlefield outlined an allegory in the book of the late-19th-century debate regarding monetary policy. For the 1902 Broadway production Baum inserted explicit references to prominent political characters such as President Theodore Roosevelt. Biographers report that Baum had been a political activist in the 1890s with a special interest in the money question of gold and silver ( bimetallism), and the illustrator William Wallace Denslow was a full-time editorial cartoonist for a major daily newspaper. The political interpretations focus on the first three, and emphasize the close relationship between the visual images and the story line to the political interests of the day. Scholars have examined four quite different versions of Oz: the novel of 1900, the Broadway play of 1902, the Hollywood film of 1939, and the numerous follow-up Oz novels written after 1900 by Baum and others. Frank Baum and first published in 1900) as an allegory or metaphor for the political, economic, and social events of America in the 1890s. Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Rogers in 1906 sees the political uses of Oz: he depicts William Randolph Hearst as Scarecrow stuck in his own Ooze in Harper's Weekly
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